1 New Features Of Red Hat Linux 5.0

1.1 Installation-Related Enhancements

1.1.1 Automatic Probing of PCI devices

1.1.2 Expert Installation Mode

1.1.3 Kickstart Installation Mode

1.1.4 Configuring Partitions and Mount Points

1.1.5 Configuring Services to Run at Boot Time

1.1.6 Enhanced XFree86 Configuration

1.2 New User-Mode Tools

1.2.1 User Information Tool

1.2.2 User Password Tool

1.2.3 Filesystem Mount Tool

1.2.4 Network Device Tool

1.3 System Administration-Related Enhancements

1.3.1 Glibc-Based System

1.3.2 Improved Shadow Utilities

1.3.3 New Initscript Utility

1.3.4 New Backup Script

1.3.5 Improved network configuration utility

1.3.6 New Diskette Group

1.3.7 Anti-spam changes to sendmail

1.3.7.1 Overview

1.3.7.2 ip_allow

1.3.7.3 name_allow

1.3.7.4 relay_allow

1.3.7.5 deny

1.4 Miscellaneous New Features

1.4.1 Modular Sound Drivers

1.4.1.1 Supported Sound Cards

1.4.2 Sound Card Configuration Tool

1.4.3 Window Manager Enhancements

2 Before You Begin

2.1 Getting the Right Red Hat Linux Components

2.1.1 Contents of the Red Hat Linux Boxed Set

2.1.1.1 Installation Guide

2.1.1.2 CDs 1 and 2

2.1.1.3 Boot and Supplemental Diskettes

2.1.1.4 License and Registration card

2.1.1.5 Registration Sticker

2.1.2 Missing Something?

2.1.3 No Boxed Set? No Problem!

2.1.4 Checking for Updated Diskette Images

2.2 Things You Should Know

2.2.1 Basic Hardware Configuration

2.2.2 Video Configuration

2.2.3 Network-related Information

2.3 Installation Methods

2.3.1 PCMCIA Support During the Installation

2.3.2 Installing From a CD-ROM

2.3.2.1 How To Do It

2.3.3 Installing From an FTP Site

2.3.3.1 How To Do It

2.3.4 Installing From an NFS Server

2.3.4.1 How To Do It

2.3.5 Installing From a Hard Drive

2.3.5.1 How To Do It

2.4 Disk Partitions

2.4.1 Repartitioning Strategies

2.4.1.1 Using Unpartitioned Free Space

2.4.1.2 Using An Unused Partition

2.4.1.3 Using Free Space From An Active Partition

2.4.2 Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems

2.4.3 One Last Wrinkle: Using LILO

2.4.3.1 BIOS-Related Limitations Impacting LILO

2.4.4 How Many Partitions?

2.5 Getting Documentation

2.6 A Note About Kernel Drivers

2.7 One Last Note...

3 Starting the Installation

3.1 The Installation Program User Interface

3.1.1 Using the Keyboard to Navigate

3.1.2 A Note About Virtual Consoles

3.2 Starting the Installation Program

3.2.1 Booting the Installation Program

3.2.1.0.1 Installing Without Using a Boot Diskette

3.3 Beginning the Installation

3.3.1 Selecting a Keyboard Type

3.3.2 PCMCIA Support

3.4 Selecting an Installation Method

3.4.1 Installing From CD-ROM

3.4.2 Installing Over the Network via NFS or FTP

3.4.3 Installing via FTP

3.4.4 Installing via NFS

3.4.5 Network Driver Configuration

3.4.6 Configuring TCP/IP Networking

3.4.7 NFS Server Information

3.4.8 Installing From a Hard Drive

4 Continuing the Installation

4.1 Upgrading or Installing

4.1.1 Installing

4.1.2 Upgrading

4.2 SCSI Support

4.3 Creating Partitions for Red Hat Linux

4.3.1 Using Disk Druid

4.3.1.1 The ``Current Disk Partitions'' Section

4.3.1.1.1 Another Type of Partition

4.3.1.2 The ``Drive Summaries'' Section

4.3.1.3 Disk Druid's Buttons

4.3.1.4 Adding a Partition

4.3.1.4.1 Problems When Adding a Partition

4.3.1.5 Deleting a Partition

4.3.1.6 Editing a Partition

4.3.1.7 Adding an NFS Mount

4.3.1.8 Starting Over

4.3.1.9 Canceling

4.3.1.10 When You're Finished...

4.3.2 Using fdisk

4.3.2.1 An Overview of fdisk

4.3.2.2 Numbering Partitions

4.3.2.3 Changing the Partition Table

4.3.3 Filesystem Configuration

4.3.3.1 Selecting the Root Partition

4.3.3.2 Other Partitions

4.4 Initializing Swap Space

4.5 Formatting Partitions

4.6 Selecting and Installing Packages

4.6.1 Selecting Components

4.6.2 Selecting Individual Packages

4.6.3 Package Dependencies

4.6.4 Package Installation

5 Finishing the Installation

5.1 Configuring a Mouse

5.2 Configuring X Windows

5.2.1 Configuring the Metro-X Server

5.2.2 Configuring an XFree86 Server

5.3 Configuring Networking

5.3.1 Network Configuration Dialogs

5.4 Configuring the Clock

5.5 Selecting Services for Start on Reboot

5.6 Configuring a Printer

5.6.1 Locally Attached Printers

5.6.2 Remote lpd Printers

5.6.3 LAN Manager Printers

5.6.4 Finalizing Printer Setup

5.7 Setting a Root Password

5.8 Installing LILO

5.8.1 Adding Options to the LILO Boot Command Line

5.8.2 Alternatives to LILO

5.9 Finishing Up...

6 Post Installation Configuration

6.1 Building a Custom Kernel

6.1.1 Building a modularized kernel

6.1.2 Making an initrd image

6.1.3 Building a monolithic kernel

6.2 X Window Configuration with XFree86

6.2.1 The X Server

6.2.2 Xconfigurator

6.2.2.1 Selecting your Server

6.2.2.2 Finishing Up

6.3 X Window Configuration with Metro-X

6.3.1 System Requirements

6.3.2 configX.curses

6.3.2.1 Graphics Card

6.3.2.2 Mouse

6.3.2.3 Exiting

6.3.3 configX

6.3.3.1 Start-up

6.3.3.2 Special Keys

6.3.3.3 Mouse configuration

6.3.3.4 Keyboard configuration

6.3.3.5 Monitor configuration

6.3.3.6 Screen Saver

6.3.3.7 Graphics Card Configuration

6.3.3.8 Colors

6.3.3.9 Virtual Resolution

6.3.3.10 Physical Resolution

6.3.3.11 Multiple-Screen Configuration

6.3.3.12 Adding a Screen

6.3.3.13 Deleting a Screen

6.3.3.14 Screen Layout

6.3.3.15 Font Path

6.3.3.16 Save and Exit

6.3.3.17 Quit Without Saving

6.4 Mouse configuration

6.5 Sendmail

6.6 Controlling Access to Services

6.7 Anonymous FTP

6.8 World Wide Web

6.8.1 World Wide Web Browsers

6.8.2 World Wide Web Server

6.9 NFS Configuration

6.9.1 Mounting NFS Filesystems

6.9.2 Exporting NFS Filesystems

6.10 Running Programs at Boot Time

6.11 Color-ls Setup

7 Finding Documentation

7.1 On Line Help

7.1.1 Man Pages

7.1.2 Package Documentation

7.1.3 HOWTOs and FAQs

7.1.4 The ``locate'' Command

7.1.5 ``info'' Pages

7.2 Help from the Internet Community

7.2.1 Red Hat Mailing Lists

7.2.2 USENET Newsgroups

8 Package Management with RPM

8.1 RPM Design Goals

8.2 Using RPM

8.2.1 Installing

8.2.1.1 Package Already Installed

8.2.1.2 Conflicting Files

8.2.1.3 Unresolved Dependency

8.2.2 Uninstalling

8.2.3 Upgrading

8.2.4 Querying

8.2.5 Verifying

8.3 Impressing Your Friends with RPM

8.4 Other RPM Resources

9 Control Panel

9.1 User and Group Configuration

9.1.1 Adding or Editing a User

9.1.2 Removing a User

9.1.2.1 Deactivating a User

9.1.3 Creating a New Group

9.1.4 Editing an Existing Group

9.2 File System Configuration

9.2.1 Adding NFS Mounts

9.3 Printer Configuration

9.4 Network Configuration

9.4.1 Managing Names

9.4.2 Managing Hosts

9.4.3 Adding a Networking Interface

9.4.3.1 PPP Interface

9.4.3.2 SLIP Interface

9.4.3.3 PLIP Interface

9.4.3.4 Ethernet, Arcnet, Token Ring and Pocket Adaptor Interfaces

9.4.4 Managing Routes

9.5 Time and Date

9.6 Kernel Daemon Configuration

9.6.1 Changing Module Options

9.6.2 Changing Modules

9.6.3 Adding Modules

9.6.4 Restarting Kerneld

10 Glint

10.1 Starting glint

10.2 The Package Display

10.2.1 Context Sensitive Menus

10.2.2 Selecting Packages

10.2.3 Viewing Available Packages

10.3 Configuration

10.4 Package Manipulation

10.4.1 Querying Packages

10.4.2 Verifying Packages

10.4.3 Installing New Packages

10.4.3.1 Upgrading Packages

10.4.4 Uninstalling Packages

11 System Administration

11.1 Filesystem Structure

11.1.1 Overview of the FSSTND

11.1.1.1 The /etc Directory

11.1.1.2 The /lib Directory

11.1.1.3 The /sbin Directory

11.1.1.4 The /usr Directory

11.1.1.5 The /usr/local Directory

11.1.1.6 The /var directory

11.1.2 /usr/local in Red Hat Linux

11.2 Special Red Hat File Locations

11.3 Users, Groups and User-Private Groups

11.3.1 Standard Users

11.3.2 Standard Groups

11.3.3 User Private Groups

11.3.3.1 User Private Group Rationale

11.4 User Authentication with PAM

11.4.1 Modules

11.4.2 Services

11.4.3 The Configuration Files

11.4.4 Shadow Passwords

11.4.5 More Information

11.5 The Boot Process, Init, and Shutdown

11.5.1 System V Init

11.5.2 Init Runlevels

11.5.3 Shutting Down

11.6 Rescue Modes

11.6.1 Through LILO

11.6.2 Emergency Boot Diskettes

11.6.2.1 A Handy Trick

A Getting Technical Support

A.1 An Overview of Our Support Policy

A.2 Getting Support

A.2.1 Registration

A.2.1.1 Registering via the Web

A.2.1.2 Registering via Email

A.2.1.3 Registering via Fax or Snail Mail

A.2.2 Support Questions

A.2.2.1 How to Send Them

A.2.2.2 Where to Send Them

A.3 Support FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

B Making Installation Diskettes

B.1 Making a Diskette Under MS-DOS

B.2 Making a Diskette Under a Linux-like O/S

C Information Specific to Red Hat Linux/SPARC

C.1 Supported Hardware

C.2 Installation Overview

C.3 Console Commands

C.4 Ramdisk-based Installation Criteria

C.4.1 Preparing to Use an NFS-Mounted Root

C.5 Choosing a Boot Method

C.5.1 Booting From Diskette

C.5.1.1 Diskette Boot Commands

C.5.2 Booting From CD-ROM

C.5.3 Booting From the Network

C.5.3.0.1 Setting up RARP

C.5.3.0.2 TFTP Server Setup

C.5.3.1 Network Boot Commands

C.6 Choosing an Installation Method

C.6.1 CD-ROM Installation

C.6.2 FTP Installation

C.6.3 NFS Installation

C.6.3.1 Hard Disk Installation

C.7 Installation Using a Serial Terminal

C.8 Installation: Selecting System Components

C.9 SILO Configuration

C.10 Partitioning

C.10.1 Swap Partitions and Red Hat Linux/SPARC

C.11 X Windows

D Information specific to Red Hat Linux/Alpha

D.1 Introduction

D.2 Supported Hardware

D.3 Installation Overview

D.4 Choosing Diskette Images

D.4.0.0.1 Creating a MILO Diskette

D.4.0.0.2 Creating a Boot Diskette

D.4.0.0.3 Creating a Ramdisk Diskette

D.5 Installing

D.5.1 Booting the MILO Diskette

D.5.2 Booting the Kernel Diskette

D.5.3 Starting the Installation

D.5.4 Issues Specific to Red Hat Linux/Alpha

D.5.4.1 Disk Partitioning

D.5.4.2 Creating a MILO Partition

D.5.4.3 XFree86 and TGA

D.5.5 Finishing Up

D.5.5.1 Configuring MILO

E Alpha Miniloader Howto

E.1 Introduction

E.1.1 Copyright

E.1.2 New Versions of this Document

E.2 What is MILO?

E.3 Pre-Built Standard MILO Images.

E.4 How To Build MILO

E.5 How To Load MILO

E.5.1 Loading MILO from the Windows NT ARC firmware

E.5.2 Loading MILO from the Windows NT AlphaBIOS

E.5.3 Loading MILO from the Evaluation Board Debug Monitor

E.5.4 Loading MILO from a Failsafe Boot Block Floppy

E.5.5 Loading MILO from Flash

E.5.6 Loading MILO from the SRM Console

E.5.7 System Specific Information

E.5.7.1 AxpPCI33 (Noname)

E.5.7.2 AlphaPC64 (Cabriolet)

E.5.7.3 EB66+

E.5.7.4 EB64+/Aspen Alpine

E.5.7.5 Universal Desktop Box (Multia)

E.5.7.6 EB164

E.5.7.7 PC164

E.5.7.8 XL266

E.5.7.9 Platform2000

E.6 MILO's User Interface

E.6.1 The ''help'' Command

E.6.2 Booting Linux

E.6.3 Rebooting Linux

E.6.4 The ''bootopt'' command

E.7 Running the Flash Management Utility

E.7.1 The ''help'' command

E.7.2 The ''list'' command

E.7.3 The ''program'' command

E.7.4 The ''environment'' command

E.7.5 The ''bootopt'' command

E.7.6 The ''quit'' command

E.8 Restrictions.

E.9 Problem Solving.

E.10 Acknowledgements.

F General Parameters

F.1 CD-ROM parameters

F.2 SCSI parameters

F.3 Ethernet parameters

G Metro X

G.1 Special Features

G.1.1 Hot-Key Exit

G.1.2 Hot-Key Resolution Switching

G.1.3 Hardware Panning

G.1.4 Multiple Screens

G.1.4.1 Supported Cards

G.1.5 International Keyboards

G.2 Metro X Configuration File

G.2.1 Warning

G.2.2 Xconfig

G.2.3 Keywords

G.2.3.1 Options Set In Configuration Utility

G.2.3.2 Options Not Set in Configuration Utility

G.2.4 Modes

G.2.4.1 Adjusting the Image Position

G.2.4.2 Extensions

G.2.4.3 Special Notes

H Red Hat Linux Frequently Asked Questions

H.1 Introduction

H.2 General Questions

H.2.1 Where can I get information on Red Hat Linux?

H.2.2 How Can I Get Red Hat Linux?

H.2.3 The Red Hat FTP site is slow. Are there mirrors?

H.2.4 How do I order from Red Hat Software?

H.2.5 How do I contact Red Hat Software?

H.2.6 How do I get new updates to Red Hat as they happen?

H.2.7 What do I do if I have media (manual or CD) problems?

H.2.8 What's the quickest and best way to get support for Red Hat?

H.2.9 How do I report a bug?

H.2.10 What versions of Red Hat Linux are there?

H.2.11 What hardware does Red Hat Linux support?

H.2.12 Why won't my Adaptec (274x, 284x) work?

H.2.13 What applications are there for Red Hat Linux?

H.2.14 Does Red Hat Linux include source code?

H.2.15 Does Red Hat Linux support UMSDOS installs?

H.3 Installation Questions

H.3.1 How do I get my IDE CD-ROM on my SB16 to work?

H.3.2 How do I run the install program again?

H.3.3 Why am I missing some programs?

H.3.4 How do I mount my CD-ROM?

H.3.5 Why does Linux only see part of my RAM?

H.3.6 How do I install to my DOS partition?

H.3.7 How do I use the NYS/NIS system that comes with RedHat?

H.3.8 Why can't I get to Unixware now that I've installed Linux?

H.3.9 Why does my Diamond video card do odd things under X Windows?

H.3.10 Where can I find an list of known problems?

H.3.11 I installed Metro-X, now how do I use it?

H.4 Using Red Hat Linux

H.4.1 Why doesn't the xmh shipped with Red Hat work properly?

H.5 Copyright Notice

I Red Hat and Freely Distributable Software.

I.0.1 Red Hat History

I.1 The Free Software Model

I.2 The Evolution of ``Free Software''

I.3 The GNU Public License

I.4 Will Linux Replace Commercial OSes?

I.5 Red Hat Software, Inc.'s Role in Linux Development

I.6 Further Reading

J Licenses

J.1 The BSD Copyright

J.2 X Copyright

J.3 Gnu Public License

J.3.1 Preamble

J.3.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

J.3.2.1 0

J.3.2.2 1

J.3.2.3 2

J.3.2.4 3

J.3.2.5 4

J.3.2.6 5

J.3.2.7 6

J.3.2.8 7

J.3.2.9 8

J.3.2.10 9

J.3.2.11 10

J.3.2.12 11

J.3.3 Appendix