perl Module

Bastian Friedrich

   Collax GmbH

Edited by

Bastian Friedrich

   Copyright © 2007 Collax GmbH
     __________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. User's Guide

        1.1. Overview
        1.2. Installing the module
        1.3. Using the module
        1.4. Dependencies

              1.4.1. OpenSER Modules
              1.4.2. External Libraries or Applications

        1.5. Exported Parameters

              1.5.1. filename (string)
              1.5.2. modpath (string)

        1.6. Exported Functions

              1.6.1. perl_exec_simple(func, [param])
              1.6.2. perl_exec(func, [param])

   2. Developer's Guide
   3. OpenSER Perl API

        3.1. OpenSER

              3.1.1. log(level,message)

        3.2. OpenSER::Message

              3.2.1. getType()
              3.2.2. getStatus()
              3.2.3. getReason()
              3.2.4. getVersion()
              3.2.5. getRURI()
              3.2.6. getMethod()
              3.2.7. getFullHeader()
              3.2.8. getBody()
              3.2.9. getMessage()
              3.2.10. getHeader(name)
              3.2.11. getHeaderNames()
              3.2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)
              3.2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)
              3.2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)
              3.2.15. setFlag(flag)
              3.2.16. resetFlag(flag)
              3.2.17. isFlagSet(flag)
              3.2.18. pseudoVar(string)
              3.2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)
              3.2.20. serialize_branches(clean_before)
              3.2.21. next_branches()
              3.2.22. getParsedRURI()

        3.3. OpenSER::URI

              3.3.1. user()
              3.3.2. host()
              3.3.3. passwd()
              3.3.4. port()
              3.3.5. params()
              3.3.6. headers()
              3.3.7. transport()
              3.3.8. ttl()
              3.3.9. user_param()
              3.3.10. maddr()
              3.3.11. method()
              3.3.12. lr()
              3.3.13. r2()
              3.3.14. transport_val()
              3.3.15. ttl_val()
              3.3.16. user_param_val()
              3.3.17. maddr_val()
              3.3.18. method_val()
              3.3.19. lr_val()
              3.3.20. r2_val()

        3.4. OpenSER::AVP

              3.4.1. add(name,val)
              3.4.2. get(name)
              3.4.3. destroy(name)

        3.5. OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers

              3.5.1.
                      new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,lon
                      gDistancePrefix,countryCode,areaCode,pbxCode
                      )

              3.5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )
              3.5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

        3.6. OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf

              3.6.1. Constructor new()
              3.6.2. Method base()
              3.6.3. Method host()
              3.6.4. Method port()
              3.6.5. Method uri()
              3.6.6. Method rootbindpw()
              3.6.7. Method rootbinddn()
              3.6.8. Method binddn()
              3.6.9. Method bindpw()

        3.7. OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection

              3.7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )
              3.7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base,
                      [requested_attributes ...])

        3.8. OpenSER::VDB
        3.9. OpenSER::Constants
        3.10. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Speeddial
        3.11. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Alias

              3.11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

        3.12. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::AccountingSIPtrace
        3.13. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Describe
        3.14. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Auth
        3.15. OpenSER::VDB::ReqCond

              3.15.1. new(key,op,type,name)
              3.15.2. op()

        3.16. OpenSER::VDB::Pair

              3.16.1. new(key,type,name)
              3.16.2. key()

        3.17. OpenSER::VDB::VTab

              3.17.1. new()
              3.17.2. call(op,[args])

        3.18. OpenSER::VDB::Value

              3.18.1. stringification
              3.18.2. new(type,data)
              3.18.3. type()
              3.18.4. data()

        3.19. OpenSER::VDB::Column

              3.19.1. Stringification
              3.19.2. new(type,name)
              3.19.3. type( )
              3.19.4. name()
              3.19.5. OpenSER::VDB::Result
              3.19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])
              3.19.7. coldefs()
              3.19.8. rows()

   4. Perl samples

        4.1. sample directory

              4.1.1. Script descriptions

   5. Frequently Asked Questions

   List of Examples
   1-1. Set filename parameter
   1-2. Set modpath parameter
   1-3. perl_exec_simple() usage
   1-4. perl_exec() usage
     __________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. User's Guide

1.1. Overview

   The time needed when writing a new OpenSER module unfortunately
   is quite high, while the options provided by the configuration
   file are limited to the features implemented in the modules.

   With this Perl module, you can easily implement your own
   OpenSER extensions in Perl. This allows for simple access to
   the full world of CPAN modules. SIP URI rewriting could be
   implemented based on regular expressions; accessing arbitrary
   data backends, e.g. LDAP or Berkeley DB files, is now extremely
   simple.
     __________________________________________________________

1.2. Installing the module

   This Perl module is loaded in openser.cfg (just like all the
   other modules) with loadmodule("/path/to/perl.so");.

   For the Perl module to compile, you need a reasonably recent
   version of perl (tested with 5.8.8) linked dynamically. It is
   strongly advised to use a threaded version. The default binary
   packages from your favorite Linux distribution should work
   fine.

   Cross compilation is supported by the Makefile. You need to set
   the environment variables PERLLDOPTS, PERLCCOPTS and TYPEMAP to
   values similar to the output of
PERLLDOPTS: perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts
PERLCCOPTS: perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts
TYPEMAP:    echo "`perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{installprivlib}'`/Ext
Utils/typemap"

   The exact position of your (precompiled!) perl libraries
   depends on the setup of your environment.
     __________________________________________________________

1.3. Using the module

   The Perl module has two interfaces: The perl side, and the
   OpenSER side. Once a Perl function is defined and loaded via
   the module parameters (see below), it may be called in
   OpenSER's configuration at an arbitary point. E.g., you could
   write a function "ldap_alias" in Perl, and then execute
...
if (perl_exec("ldap_alias")) {
        ...
}
...

   just as you would have done with the current alias_db module.

   The functions you can use are listed in the L<"Exported
   Functions"> section below.

   On the Perl side, there are a number of functions that let you
   read and modify the current SIP message, such as the RURI or
   the message flags. An introduction to the Perl interface and
   the full reference documentation can be found below.
     __________________________________________________________

1.4. Dependencies

1.4.1. OpenSER Modules

   The following modules must be loaded before this module:

     * The "sl" module is needed for sending replies uppon fatal
       errors. All other modules can be accessed from the Perl
       module, though.
     __________________________________________________________

1.4.2. External Libraries or Applications

   The following libraries or applications must be installed
   before running OpenSER with this module loaded:

     * Perl 5.8.x or later

   Additionally, a number of perl modules should be installed. The
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils package relies on Net::LDAP to be installed.
   One of the sample scripts needs IPC::Shareable

   This module has been developed and tested with Perl 5.8.8, but
   should work with any 5.8.x release. Compilation is possible
   with 5.6.x, but its behavior is unsupported. Earlier versions
   do not work.

   On current Debian systems, at least the following packages
   should be installed:

     * perl
     * perl-base
     * perl-modules
     * libperl5.8
     * libperl-dev
     * libnet-ldap-perl
     * libipc-shareable-perl

   It was reported that other Debian-style distributions (such as
   Ubuntu) need the same packages.

   On SuSE systems, at least the following packages should be
   installed:

     * perl
     * perl-ldap
     * IPC::Shareable perl module from CPAN

   Although SuSE delivers a lot of perl modules, others may have
   to be fetched from CPAN. Consider using the program "cpan2rpm"
   - which, in turn, is available on CPAN. It creates RPM files
   from CPAN.
     __________________________________________________________

1.5. Exported Parameters

1.5.1. filename (string)

   This is the file name of your script. This may be set once
   only, but it may include an arbitary number of functions and
   "use" as many Perl module as necessary.

   May not be empty!

   Example 1-1. Set filename parameter
...
modparam("perl", "filename", "/home/john/openser/myperl.pl")
...
     __________________________________________________________

1.5.2. modpath (string)

   The path to the Perl modules included (OpenSER.pm et.al). It is
   not absolutely crucial to set this path, as you may install the
   Modules in Perl's standard path, or update the "%INC" variable
   from within your script. Using this module parameter is the
   standard behavior, though.

   Example 1-2. Set modpath parameter
...
modparam("perl", "modpath", "/opt/lib/openser/perl/")
...
     __________________________________________________________

1.6. Exported Functions

1.6.1. perl_exec_simple(func, [param])

   Calls a perl function without passing it the current SIP
   message. May be used for very simple simple requests that do
   not have to fiddle with the message themselves, but rather
   return information values about the environment.

   The first parameter is the function to be called. An arbitrary
   string may optionally be passed as a parameter.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE,
   ONREPLY_ROUTE and BRANCH_ROUTE.

   Example 1-3. perl_exec_simple() usage
...
if (method=="INVITE") {
        perl_exec_simple("dosomething", "on invite messages");
};
...
     __________________________________________________________

1.6.2. perl_exec(func, [param])

   Calls a perl function with passing it the current SIP message.
   The SIP message is reflected by a Perl module that gives you
   access to the information in the current SIP message
   (OpenSER::Message).

   The first parameter is the function to be called. An arbitrary
   string may be passed as a parameter.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE,
   ONREPLY_ROUTE and BRANCH_ROUTE.

   Example 1-4. perl_exec() usage
...
if (perl_exec("ldapalias")) {
        ...
};
...
     __________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Developer's Guide

   The module does not provide any API to use in other OpenSER
   modules.
     __________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. OpenSER Perl API

3.1. OpenSER

   This module provides access to a limited number of OpenSER core
   functions. As the most interesting functions deal with SIP
   messages, they are located in the OpenSER::Message class below.
     __________________________________________________________

3.1.1. log(level,message)

   Logs the message with OpenSER's logging facility. The logging
   level is one of the following:
* L_ALERT
* L_CRIT
* L_ERR
* L_WARN
* L_NOTICE
* L_INFO
* L_DBG

   Please note that this method is NOT automatically exported, as
   it collides with the perl function log (which calculates the
   logarithm). Either explicitly import the function (via use
   OpenSER qw ( log );), or call it with its full name:
OpenSER::log(L_INFO, "foobar");
     __________________________________________________________

3.2. OpenSER::Message

   This package provides access functions for an OpenSER sip_msg
   structure and its sub-components. Through its means it is
   possible to fully configure alternative routing decisions.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.1. getType()

   Returns one of the constants SIP_REQUEST, SIP_REPLY,
   SIP_INVALID stating the type of the current message.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.2. getStatus()

   Returns the status code of the current Reply message. This
   function is invalid in Request context!
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.3. getReason()

   Returns the reason of the current Reply message. This function
   is invalid in Request context!
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.4. getVersion()

   Returns the version string of the current SIP message.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.5. getRURI()

   This function returns the recipient URI of the present SIP
   message:

   my $ruri = $m->getRURI();

   getRURI returns a string. See "getParsedRURI()" below how to
   receive a parsed structure.

   This function is valid in request messages only.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.6. getMethod()

   Returns the current method, such as INVITE, REGISTER, ACK and
   so on.

   my $method = $m->getMethod();

   This function is valid in request messages only.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.7. getFullHeader()

   Returns the full message header as present in the current
   message. You might use this header to further work with it with
   your favorite MIME package.

   my $hdr = $m->getFullHeader();
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.8. getBody()

   Returns the message body.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.9. getMessage()

   Returns the whole message including headers and body.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.10. getHeader(name)

   Returns the body of the first message header with this name.

   print $m->getHeader("To");

   "John" <sip:john@doe.example>
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.11. getHeaderNames()

   Returns an array of all header names. Duplicates possible!
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)

   Search for an arbitrary function in module exports and call it
   with the parameters self, string1, string2.

   string1 and/or string2 may be omitted.

   As this function provides access to the functions that are
   exported to the OpenSER configuration file, it is autoloaded
   for unknown functions. Instead of writing
$m->moduleFunction("sl_send_reply", "500", "Internal Error");
$m->moduleFunction("xlog", "L_INFO", "foo");

   you may as well write
$m->sl_send_reply("500", "Internal Error");
$m->xlog("L_INFO", "foo");

   WARNING

   In OpenSER 1.2, only a limited subset of module functions is
   available. This restriction will be removed in a later version.

   Here is a list of functions that are expected to be working
   (not claiming completeness):
* alias_db_lookup
* consume_credentials
* is_rpid_user_e164
* append_rpid_hf
* bind_auth
* avp_print
* cpl_process_register
* cpl_process_register_norpl
* load_dlg
* ds_next_dst
* ds_next_domain
* ds_mark_dst
* ds_mark_dst
* is_from_local
* is_uri_host_local
* dp_can_connect
* dp_apply_policy
* enum_query (without parameters)
* enum_fquery (without parameters)
* is_from_user_enum (without parameters)
* i_enum_query (without parameters)
* imc_manager
* jab_* (all functions from the jabber module)
* load_gws (without parameters)
* next_gw
* from_gw (without parameters)
* to_gw (without parameters)
* load_contacts
* next_contacts
* sdp_mangle_ip
* sdp_mangle_port
* encode_contact
* decode_contact
* decode_contact_header
* fix_contact
* use_media_proxy
* end_media_session
* m_store
* m_dump
* fix_nated_contact
* unforce_rtp_proxy
* force_rtp_proxy
* fix_nated_register
* add_rcv_param
* options_reply
* checkospheader
* validateospheader
* requestosprouting
* checkosproute
* prepareosproute
* prepareallosproutes
* checkcallingtranslation
* reportospusage
* mangle_pidf
* mangle_message_cpim
* add_path (without parameters)
* add_path_received (without parameters)
* prefix2domain
* allow_routing (without parameters)
* allow_trusted
* pike_check_req
* handle_publish
* handle_subscribe
* stored_pres_info
* bind_pua
* send_publish
* send_subscribe
* pua_set_publish
* loose_route
* record_route
* load_rr
* sip_trace
* sl_reply_error
* sms_send_msg
* sd_lookup
* sstCheckMin
* append_time
* has_body (without parameters)
* is_peer_verified
* t_newtran
* t_release
* t_relay (without parameters)
* t_flush_flags
* t_check_trans
* t_was_cancelled
* uac_restore_from
* uac_auth
* has_totag
* tel2sip
* check_to
* check_from
* radius_does_uri_exist
* ul_* (All functions exported by the usrloc module for user access)
* xmpp_send_message
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)

   Logs the message with OpenSER's logging facility. The logging
   level is one of the following:
* L_ALERT
* L_CRIT
* L_ERR
* L_WARN
* L_NOTICE
* L_INFO
* L_DBG

   The logging function should be accessed via the OpenSER module
   variant. This one, located in OpenSER::Message, is deprecated.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)

   Sets a new destination (recipient) URI. Useful for rerouting
   the current message/call.
if ($m->getRURI() =~ m/\@somedomain.net/) {
  $m->rewrite_ruri("sip:dispatcher\@organization.net");
}
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.15. setFlag(flag)

   Sets a message flag. The constants as known from the C API may
   be used, when Constants.pm is included.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.16. resetFlag(flag)

   Resets a message flag.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.17. isFlagSet(flag)

   Returns whether a message flag is set or not.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.18. pseudoVar(string)

   Returns a new string where all pseudo variables are substituted
   by their values. Can be used to receive the values of single
   variables, too.

   Please remember that you need to escape the '$' sign in perl
   strings!
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)

   Append a branch to current message.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.20. serialize_branches(clean_before)

   Serialize branches.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.21. next_branches()

   Next branches.
     __________________________________________________________

3.2.22. getParsedRURI()

   Returns the current destination URI as an OpenSER::URI object.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3. OpenSER::URI

   This package provides functions for access to sip_uri
   structures.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.1. user()

   Returns the user part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.2. host()

   Returns the host part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.3. passwd()

   Returns the passwd part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.4. port()

   Returns the port part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.5. params()

   Returns the params part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.6. headers()

   Returns the headers part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.7. transport()

   Returns the transport part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.8. ttl()

   Returns the ttl part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.9. user_param()

   Returns the user_param part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.10. maddr()

   Returns the maddr part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.11. method()

   Returns the method part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.12. lr()

   Returns the lr part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.13. r2()

   Returns the r2 part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.14. transport_val()

   Returns the transport_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.15. ttl_val()

   Returns the ttl_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.16. user_param_val()

   Returns the user_param_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.17. maddr_val()

   Returns the maddr_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.18. method_val()

   Returns the method_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.19. lr_val()

   Returns the lr_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.3.20. r2_val()

   Returns the r2_val part of this URI.
     __________________________________________________________

3.4. OpenSER::AVP

   This package provides access functions for OpenSER's AVPs.
   These variables can be created, evaluated, modified and removed
   through this package.

   Please note that these functions do NOT support the notation
   used in the configuration file, but directly work on strings or
   numbers. See documentation of add method below.
     __________________________________________________________

3.4.1. add(name,val)

   Add an AVP.

   Add an OpenSER AVP to its environment. name and val may both be
   integers or strings; this function will try to guess what is
   correct. Please note that
OpenSER::AVP::add("10", "10")

   is something different than
OpenSER::AVP::add(10, 10)

   due to this evaluation: The first will create _string_ AVPs
   with the name 10, while the latter will create a numerical AVP.

   You can modify/overwrite AVPs with this function.
     __________________________________________________________

3.4.2. get(name)

   get an OpenSER AVP:
my $numavp = OpenSER::AVP::get(5);
my $stravp = OpenSER::AVP::get("foo");
     __________________________________________________________

3.4.3. destroy(name)

   Destroy an AVP.
OpenSER::AVP::destroy(5);
OpenSER::AVP::destroy("foo");
     __________________________________________________________

3.5. OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers

   OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers - Functions for canonical forms of
   phone numbers.
use OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers;

my $phonenumbers = new OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers(
     publicAccessPrefix => "0",
     internationalPrefix => "+",
     longDistancePrefix => "0",
     areaCode => "761",
     pbxCode => "456842",
     countryCode => "49"
   );

$canonical = $phonenumbers->canonicalForm("07612034567");
$number    = $phonenumbers->dialNumber("+497612034567");

   A telphone number starting with a plus sign and containing all
   dial prefixes is in canonical form. This is usally not the
   number to dial at any location, so the dialing number depends
   on the context of the user/system.

   The idea to canonicalize numbers were taken from hylafax.

   Example: +497614514829 is the canonical form of my phone
   number, 829 is the number to dial at Pyramid, 4514829 is the
   dialing number from Freiburg are and so on.

   To canonicalize any number, we strip off any dial prefix we
   find and then add the prefixes for the location. So, when the
   user enters the number 04514829 in context pyramid, we remove
   the publicAccessPrefix (at Pyramid this is 0) and the pbxPrefix
   (4514 here). The result is 829. Then we add all the general
   dial prefixes - 49 (country) 761 (area) 4514 (pbx) and 829, the
   number itself => +497614514829

   To get the dialing number from a canonical phone number, we
   substract all general prefixes until we have something

   As said before, the interpretation of a phone number depends on
   the context of the location. For the functions in this package,
   the context is created through the new operator.

   The following fields should be set:
'longDistancePrefix'
'areaCode'
'pbxCode'
'internationalPrefix'
'publicAccessPrefix'
'countryCode'

   This module exports the following functions when useed:
     __________________________________________________________

3.5.1.
new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,longDistancePrefix,country
Code,areaCode,pbxCode)

   The new operator returns an object of this type and sets its
   locational context according to the passed parameters. See
   OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers above.
     __________________________________________________________

3.5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )

   Convert a phone number (given as first argument) into its
   canonical form. When no context is passed in as the second
   argument, the default context from the systems configuration
   file is used.
     __________________________________________________________

3.5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

   Convert a canonical phone number (given in the first argument)
   into a number to to dial. WHen no context is given in the
   second argument, a default context from the systems
   configuration is used.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6. OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf

   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf - Read openldap config from
   standard config files.
use OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf;
my $conf = new OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf();

   This module may be used to retrieve the global LDAP
   configuration as used by other LDAP software, such as
   nsswitch.ldap and pam-ldap. The configuration is usualy stored
   in /etc/openldap/ldap.conf

   When used from an account with sufficient privilegs (e.g.
   root), the ldap manager passwort is also retrieved.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.1. Constructor new()

   Returns a new, initialized OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf object.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.2. Method base()

   Returns the servers base-dn to use when doing queries.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.3. Method host()

   Returns the ldap host to contact.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.4. Method port()

   Returns the ldap servers port.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.5. Method uri()

   Returns an uri to contact the ldap server. When there is no
   ldap_uri in the configuration file, an ldap: uri is constucted
   from host and port.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.6. Method rootbindpw()

   Returns the ldap "root" password.

   Note that the rootbindpw is only available when the current
   account has sufficient privilegs to access
   /etc/openldap/ldap.secret.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.7. Method rootbinddn()

   Returns the DN to use for "root"-access to the ldap server.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.8. Method binddn()

   Returns the DN to use for authentication to the ldap server.
   When no bind dn has been specified in the configuration file,
   returns the rootbinddn.
     __________________________________________________________

3.6.9. Method bindpw()

   Returns the password to use for authentication to the ldap
   server. When no bind password has been specified, returns the
   rootbindpw if any.
     __________________________________________________________

3.7. OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection

   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection - Perl module to perform
   simple LDAP queries.

   OO-Style interface:
use OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my $ldap = new OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my @rows = $ldap-search("uid=andi","ou=people,ou=coreworks,ou=de");

   Procedural interface:
use OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my @rows = $ldap->search(
      new OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig(), "uid=andi","ou=people,ou=cor
eworks,ou=de");

   This perl module offers a somewhat simplified interface to the
   Net::LDAP functionality. It is intended for cases where just a
   few attributes should be retrieved without the overhead of the
   full featured Net::LDAP.
     __________________________________________________________

3.7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )

   Set up a new LDAP connection.

   The first argument, when given, should be a hash reference
   pointing to to the connection parameters, possibly an
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig object. This argument may be
   undef in which case a new (default)
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig object is used.

   When the optional second argument is a true value, the
   connection will be authenticated. Otherwise an anonymous bind
   is done.

   On success, a new LDAPConnection object is returned, otherwise
   the result is undef.
     __________________________________________________________

3.7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base,
[requested_attributes ...])

   perform an ldap search, return the dn of the first matching
   directory entry, unless a specific attribute has been
   requested, in wich case the values(s) fot this attribute are
   returned.

   When the first argument (conf) is a
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection, it will be used to perform
   the queries. You can pass the first argument implicitly by
   using the "method" syntax.

   Otherwise the conf argument should be a reference to a hash
   containing the connection setup parameters as contained in a
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf object. In this mode, the
   OpenSER::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection from previous queries will
   be reused.
     __________________________________________________________

3.7.2.1. Arguments:

   conf
          configuration object, used to find host,port,suffix and
          use_ldap_checks

   filter
          ldap search filter, eg '(mail=some@domain)'

   base
          search base for this query. If undef use default suffix,
          concat base with default suffix if the last char is a
          ','

   requested_attributes
          retrieve the given attributes instead of the dn from the
          ldap directory.
     __________________________________________________________

3.7.2.2. Result:

   Without any specific requested_attributes, return the dn of all
   matching entries in the LDAP directory.

   When some requested_attributes are given, return an array with
   those attibutes. When multiple entries match the query, the
   attribute lists are concatenated.
     __________________________________________________________

3.8. OpenSER::VDB

   This package is an (abstract) base class for all virtual
   databases. Derived packages can be configured to be used by
   OpenSER as a database.

   The base class itself should NOT be used in this context, as it
   does not provide any functionality.
     __________________________________________________________

3.9. OpenSER::Constants

   This package provides a number of constants taken from enums
   and defines of OpenSER header files. Unfortunately, there is no
   mechanism for updating the constants automatically, so check
   the values if you are in doubt.
     __________________________________________________________

3.10. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Speeddial

   This adapter can be used with the speeddial module.
     __________________________________________________________

3.11. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Alias

   This package is intended for usage with the alias_db module.
   The query VTab has to take two arguments and return an array of
   two arguments (user name/domain).
     __________________________________________________________

3.11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

   Queries the vtab with the given arguments for request
   conditions, keys to return and sort order column name.
     __________________________________________________________

3.12. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::AccountingSIPtrace

   This package is an Adapter for the acc and siptrace modules,
   featuring only an insert operation.
     __________________________________________________________

3.13. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Describe

   This package is intended for debug usage. It will print
   information about requested functions and operations of a
   client module.

   Use this module to request schema information when creating new
   adapters.
     __________________________________________________________

3.14. OpenSER::VDB::Adapter::Auth

   This adapter is intended for usage with the auth_db module. The
   VTab should take a username as an argument and return a (plain
   text!) password.
     __________________________________________________________

3.15. OpenSER::VDB::ReqCond

   This package represents a request condition for database
   access, consisting of a column name, an operator (=, <, >,
   ...), a data type and a value.

   This package inherits from OpenSER::VDB::Pair and thus includes
   its methods.
     __________________________________________________________

3.15.1. new(key,op,type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object.
     __________________________________________________________

3.15.2. op()

   Returns or sets the current operator.
     __________________________________________________________

3.16. OpenSER::VDB::Pair

   This package represents database key/value pairs, consisting of
   a key, a value type, and the value.

   This package inherits from OpenSER::VDB::Value and thus has the
   same methods.
     __________________________________________________________

3.16.1. new(key,type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object.
     __________________________________________________________

3.16.2. key()

   Returns or sets the current key.
     __________________________________________________________

3.17. OpenSER::VDB::VTab

   This package handles virtual tables and is used by the
   OpenSER::VDB class to store information about valid tables. The
   package is not inteded for end user access.
     __________________________________________________________

3.17.1. new()

Constructs a new VTab object
     __________________________________________________________

3.17.2. call(op,[args])

   Invokes an operation on the table (insert, update, ...) with
   the given arguments.
     __________________________________________________________

3.18. OpenSER::VDB::Value

   This package represents a database value. Additional to the
   data itself, information about its type is stored.
     __________________________________________________________

3.18.1. stringification

   When accessing a OpenSER::VDB::Value object as a string, it
   simply returns its data regardless of its type. =cut

   use strict;

   package OpenSER::VDB::Value;

   use overload '""' => \&stringify;

   sub stringify { shift->{data} }

   use OpenSER; use OpenSER::Constants;

   our @ISA = qw ( OpenSER::Utils::Debug );
     __________________________________________________________

3.18.2. new(type,data)

   Constructs a new Value object. Its data type and the data are
   passed as parameters.
     __________________________________________________________

3.18.3. type()

   Returns or sets the current data type. Please consider using
   the constants from OpenSER::Constants
     __________________________________________________________

3.18.4. data()

   Returns or sets the current data.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19. OpenSER::VDB::Column

   This package represents database column definition, consisting
   of a column name and its data type.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.1. Stringification

   When accessing a OpenSER::VDB::Column object as a string, it
   simply returns its column name regardless of its type. =cut

   package OpenSER::VDB::Column;

   use overload '""' => \&stringify;

   sub stringify { shift->{name} }

   use OpenSER; use OpenSER::Constants;

   our @ISA = qw ( OpenSER::Utils::Debug );
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.2. new(type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object. Its type and the name are
   passed as parameters.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.3. type( )

   Returns or sets the current type. Please consider using the
   constants from OpenSER::Constants
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.4. name()

   Returns or sets the current column name.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.5. OpenSER::VDB::Result

   This class represents a VDB result set. It contains a column
   definition, plus an array of rows. Rows themselves are simply
   references to arrays of scalars.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])

   The constructor creates a new Result object. Its first
   parameter is a reference to an array of OpenSER::VDB::Column
   objects. Additional parameters may be passed to provide initial
   rows, which are references to arrays of scalars.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.7. coldefs()

Returns or sets the column definition of the object.
     __________________________________________________________

3.19.8. rows()

Returns or sets the rows of the object.
     __________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. Perl samples

4.1. sample directory

   There are a number of example scripts in the "samples/". They
   are documented well. Read them, it will explain a lot to you :)

   If you want to use any of these scripts directly in your
   implementation, you can use Perl's "require" mechanism to
   import them (just remember that you need to use quotes when
   require'ing .pl files).
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1. Script descriptions

   The included sample scripts are described below:
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.1. branches.pl

   The minimal function in branches.pl demonstrates that you can
   access the "append_branch" function from within perl, just as
   you would have done from your normal configuration file. You'll
   find documentation on the concepts of branching in the OpenSER
   documentation.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.2. firstline.pl

   Message's first_line structure may be evaluated. Message can be
   either of SIP_REQUEST or SIP_REPLY. Depending on that,
   different information can be received. This script demonstrates
   these functions.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.3. flags.pl

   The perl module provides access to OpenSER's flagging
   mechanism. The flag names available for OpenSER modules are
   made available through the OpenSER::Constants package, so you
   can flag messages as "green", "magenta" etc.

   The first function, setflag, demonstrates how the "green" flag
   is set. In the second function, readflag, the "green" and
   "magenta" flags are evaluated.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.4. functions.pl

   This sample script demonstrates different things related to
   calling functions from within perl, and the different types of
   functions you can offer for OpenSER access.

   "exportedfuncs" simply demonstrates that you can use the
   moduleFunction method to call functions offered by other
   modules. The results are equivalent to calling these functions
   from your config file. In the demonstrated case, telephone
   calls with a destination number beginning with 555... are
   rejected with an internal server error. Other destination
   addresses are passed to the alias_db module.

   Please note that the moduleFunction method is not fully
   available in OpenSER 1.2. See the method's documentation for
   details.

   "paramfunc" shows that you can pass arbitrary strings to perl
   functions. Do with them whatever you want :)

   "autotest" demonstrates that unknown functions in
   OpenSER::Message objects are automatically transformed into
   calls to module functions.

   The "diefunc"s show that dying perl scripts - by "manual"
   dying, or because of script errors - are handled by the OpenSER
   package. The error message is logged through OpenSER's logging
   mechanism. Please note that this only works correctly if you do
   NOT overwrite the default die handler. Oh, yes, that works for
   warnings, too.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.5. headers.pl

   Header extraction is among the most crucial functionalities
   while processing SIP messages. This sample script demonstrates
   access to header names and values within two sample functions.

   "headernames" extracts all header names and logs their names.

   "someheaders" logs the contents of the two headers, "To" and
   "WWW-Contact". As you can see, headers that occur more than
   once are retrieved as an array, which may be accessed by Perl's
   array accessing methods.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.6. logging.pl

   For debugging purposes, you probably want to write messages to
   the syslog. The "logdemo" shows three ways to access the
   OpenSER log function: it is available through the OpenSER class
   as well as through the OpenSER::Message class.

   Remember that you can use exported functions from other
   modules. You may thus as well use the "xlog" module and it's
   xlog function.

   The L_INFO, L_DBG, L_ERR, L_CRIT... constants are available
   through the OpenSER::Constants package.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.7. messagedump.pl

   This script demonstrates how to access the whole message header
   of the current message. Please note that modifications on the
   message made by earlier function calls in your configuration
   script may NOT be reflected in this dump.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.8. persistence.pl

   When processing SIP messages, you may want to use persistent
   data across multiple calls to your Perl functions. Your first
   option is to use global variables in your script.
   Unfortunately, these globals are not visible from the mulitple
   instances of OpenSER. You may want to use a mechanism such as
   the IPC::Shareable shared memory access package to correct
   this.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.9. phonenumbers.pl

   The OpenSER::Utils::PhoneNumbers package provides two methods
   for the transformation of local to canonical telephone numbers,
   and vice versa. This script demonstrates it's use.
     __________________________________________________________

4.1.1.10. pseudovars.pl

   This script demonstrates the Perl module's "pseudoVar" method.
   It may be used to retrieve the values of current pseudo
   variables.

   You might notice that there is no particular function for
   setting pseudo variables; you may use the exported functions
   from the avpops module, though.
     __________________________________________________________

Chapter 5. Frequently Asked Questions

   5.1. Are there known bugs in the Perl module?
   5.2. Where can I find more about OpenSER?
   5.3. Where can I post a question about this module?
   5.4. How can I report a bug?

   5.1. Are there known bugs in the Perl module?

   The Perl module does have a few shortcomings that may be
   regarded as bugs.

     * Missing module functions. Not all functions of other
       modules are available for Perl access. The reason for this
       is a design property of OpenSER. Making available more
       functions is work in progress.
     * Perl and threads. Perl itself is, when compiled with the
       correct parameters, thread safe; unfortunately, not all
       Perl modules are. The DBI modules, especially (but not
       restricted to) DBI::ODBC are known NOT to be thread safe.
       Using DBI::ODBC -- and possibly other non-thread-safe Perl
       extensions -- may result in erroneous behavior of OpenSER,
       including (but not restricted to) server crashes and wrong
       routing.

   5.2. Where can I find more about OpenSER?

   Take a look at http://www.openser.org/.

   5.3. Where can I post a question about this module?

   First at all check if your question was already answered on one
   of our mailing lists:

     * User Mailing List -
       http://lists.openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/users
     * Developer Mailing List -
       http://lists.openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/devel

   E-mails regarding any stable OpenSER release should be sent to
   <users@lists.openser.org> and e-mails regarding development
   versions should be sent to <devel@lists.openser.org>.

   If you want to keep the mail private, send it to
   <team@lists.openser.org>.

   5.4. How can I report a bug?

   Please follow the guidelines provided at:
   http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=139143.
